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Fruits and Fungal Organisms and Toxins

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ID Author(s) Title / Description Publication Date
5371 Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission Guidance Document for Competent Authorities for the Control of Compliance with EU Legislation on Aflatoxins
URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/aflatoxin_guidance_en.pdf
Format: PDF
Guidance document regarding the control of aflatoxins in foods in the EU. Includes discussion of sampling, analysis, reporting of results, non-compliance procedures, and more. Includes an annex entitled "Legislation".
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Source: Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission

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20050805Aug 5, 2005
6572 Kyprianou, M. Draft Commission Regulation of on Microbiological Criteria for Foodstuffs (Text with EEA Relevance)
URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/food/biosafety/salmonella/reg_microbiological_criteria_foodstuffs_en.pdf
Format: PDF
Draft European Commission regulation regarding microbiological criteria for certain microorganisms in foods, including food safety criteria and process hygiene criteria. Microorganisms or toxins covered include Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, staphylococcal enterotoxins, Enterobacter sakazakii, E. coli, histamine, and more.
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Source: Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission

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200500002005
3327 Buzby, J.C. (Ed.) International Trade and Food Safety: Economic Theory and Case Studies
URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer828/
Format: PDF HTML
Report on the relationships between food safety regulation and international trade. Food safety and trade issues for meat and poultry products, produce, and seafood are discussed, as are these issues as related to hazards such as mycotoxins and dioxins. Attachments include "Belgian-Luxembourg exports, 1989-1999" and "Belgium-Luxembourg monthly production indices of key agricultrual products, 1998-99". Highlights of this report are provided in Agriculture Information Bulletin No. (AIB789), Food Safety and International Trade - Research Briefs, available from ERS.
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Source: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

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20031100Nov 2003
4697 Unnevehr, L.J. (Ed.) Food Safety in Food Security and Food Trade
URL: http://www.ifpri.org/2020/focus/focus10.htm
Format: HTML
Collection of briefs on such topics as food safety, mycotoxins, and GM crops in developing countries, and food safety, risk, and trade. Includes case studies on "Guatemalan Raspberries and Cyclospora," "Kenyan Fish Exports," "The Shrimp Export Industry in Bangladesh," "Reducing Pesticide Residues on Horticultural Crops," "India Responds to International Food Safety Requirements," "Supermarkets and Quality and Safety Standards for Produce in Latin America," "Beef industry in China," "The Poultry Industry in Colombia," and "Reducing Mycotoxins in Brazilian Crops".
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Source: International Food Policy Research Institute

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20030900Sep 2003
3041 Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission Commission Acts to Limit Levels of the Mycotoxin 'Patulin' in Apple Products
URL: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/press/press309_en.pdf
Format: PDF
Press release describing European Commission measures for reducing patulin levels in apple products, including setting maximum levels for food products, implementing a Recommendation regarding methods for preventing or reducing levels of patulin in apple products, and adopting a Directive on methods of analysis for patulin in food products.
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Source: Midday Express, Aug. 12, 2003, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission

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20030812Aug 12, 2003
1504 Liu, X. Microbiology Risk Assessment in China: Current Situation and Challenges
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Liu.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It provides an overview of microbiological risk assessment in China. Data is given on the number of food poisoning outbreaks in China from 1990-1999 by cause, and on mortality rates from 1990-1996 from various foodborne bacteria. There is also a history of Bongkrekic acid (BA) food poisoning in Asia, data on BA food poisoning caused by various foods in China (outbreaks, cases, mortality), BA hazard identification, and risk management considerations. There is an exposure assessment of E. coli from fly feces, and the calculated efficacy of hypothetical risk mitigations strategies. There is hazard identification information for fumonisins, with specific risk assessment data on aflatoxins. Information is presented on sugarcane poisoning, including numbers of outbreaks, cases, and deaths, the implication of Arthrinium spp. as the pathogenic fungus, and risk management considerations. Data is also given on the regulated limits of mycotoxins in China, on ochratoxin A produced by Aspergillus, on mould contamination in various beverages including juices, and on mould contamination in liquid functional food. The pdf version of this presentation is available at here.
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020725Jul 25, 2002
475 Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Compliance Policy Guide, Compliance Policy Guidance for FDA Staff, Sec.510.150 Apple Juice, Apple Juice Concentrates, and Apple Juice Products - Adulteration with Patulin
URL: http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm074427.htm
Format: HTML
Criteria for FDA staff on recommending legal action or detention of imports for apple juice, apple juice concentrate, or apple juice products adulterated with patulin.
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Source: Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration

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20011000Oct 2001