Mycotoxins

Format	Author(s)	Title / Description	Date added	Details
	National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services	Aflatoxins This report discusses carcinogenicity, properties, use, production, exposure, and regulations of aflatoxins. Publication Month: December 2002	Aug 14, 2002
	Environmental Protection Agency	Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882; Exemption from the Requirement of a Tolerance Final rule that exempts Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 from a residue tolerance requirement when applied to peanuts under certain conditions. Includes discussion of the safety assessment for this fungal ingredient. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, June 30, 2004	Jul 1, 2004
	Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission	Assessment of Dietary Intake of Ochratoxin A by the Population of EU Member States "Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation: Report of experts participating in Task 3.2.7." This report presents data on ochratoxin A in EU foods. Sections include "OA Occurrence in food," "Consumption data," "OA Dietary intake," "OA Occurrence in biological fluids," and more. Annexes include "Basic information on Ochratoxin A," "Timetable," "Instructions for participants," "Glossary," "List of participants," and "References". (more) Publication Month: January 2002	May 15, 2003
	Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission	Assessment of Dietary Intake of Patulin by the Population of EU Member States "Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation: Report of experts participating in Task 3.2.8." This report presents data on patulin in EU foods. Sections include "Patulin occurrence in food," "Consumption data," "Patulin dietary intake," and others. Annexes include "Basic information on patulin," "Timetable," "Instructions for participants," "Glossary," "List of participants," and "References". (more) Publication Month: March 2002	May 15, 2003
	Center for Veterinary Medicine/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration	Background Paper in Support of Fumonisin Levels in Corn and Corn Products Intended for Human Consumption Supporting paper for CFSAN's guidance on fumonisin levels in corn and corn products intended for human consumption. Publication Date: Friday, November 9, 2001	May 29, 2002
	Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission	Commission Acts to Limit Levels of the Mycotoxin 'Patulin' in Apple Products Press release describing European Commission measures for reducing patulin levels in apple products, including setting maximum levels for food products, implementing a Recommendation regarding methods for preventing or reducing levels of patulin in apple products, and adopting a Directive on methods of analysis for patulin in food products. (more) Publication Date: Tuesday, August 12, 2003	Aug 15, 2003
	Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration	Compliance Policy Guide, Compliance Policy Guidance for FDA Staff, Sec.510.150 Apple Juice, Apple Juice Concentrates, and Apple Juice Products - Adulteration with Patulin Criteria for FDA staff on recommending legal action or detention of imports for apple juice, apple juice concentrate, or apple juice products adulterated with patulin. (more) Publication Month: October 2001	May 29, 2002
	Gong, Y.Y., et al.	Dietary Aflatoxin Exposure and Impaired Growth in Young Children from Benin and Togo: Cross Sectional Study Report of a study that assessed the effects of aflatoxin exposure in young children in Benin and Togo. Publication Date: Saturday, July 6, 2002	Aug 12, 2002
	European Mycotoxin Awareness Network	European Mycotoxin Awareness Network Group of European organizations that work to provide scientific information and news related to mycotoxins. The website includes news, tutorials, and basic and expert fact sheets on many aspects of mycotoxins, including analytical methods, HACCP, evaluation and risk, quality assurance, sampling and legislation, and surveillance and occurrence. (more)	Oct 19, 2004
	European Mycotoxin Awareness Network	European Mycotoxin Awareness Network E-mail List E-mail list to receive updates related to the European Mycotoxin Awareness Network.	Oct 19, 2004
	Unnevehr, Laurian J. (Ed.)	Food Safety in Food Security and Food Trade Collection of briefs on such topics as food safety, mycotoxins, and GM crops in developing countries, and food safety, risk, and trade. Includes case studies on "Guatemalan Raspberries and Cyclospora," "Kenyan Fish Exports," "The Shrimp Export Industry in Bangladesh," "Reducing Pesticide Residues on Horticultural Crops," "India Responds to International Food Safety Requirements," "Supermarkets and Quality and Safety Standards for Produce in Latin America," "Beef industry in China," "The Poultry Industry in Colombia," and "Reducing Mycotoxins in Brazilian Crops". (more) Publication Month: September 2003	Aug 19, 2004
	Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration	Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: The "Bad Bug Book" Handbook with information on foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins, including information on the associated disease, associated foods, target populations, outbreaks, and more. Appendices include "Infective dose," "Epidemiology summary table," "Factors affecting microbial growth in foods," "Foodborne Disease Outbreaks, United States 1988-1992," and "Additional Foodborne Disease Outbreak Articles and Databases". (more) Publication Month: January 1992	Aug 31, 2001
	Doyle, M. Ellin	Fusarium Mycotoxins This document provides an overview of Fusarium toxins, including their effects on crops, animals, and humans, and control measures. (more) Publication Month: December 1997	May 14, 2003
	Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission	Guidance Document for Competent Authorities for the Control of Compliance with EU Legislation on Aflatoxins Guidance document regarding the control of aflatoxins in foods in the EU. Includes discussion of sampling, analysis, reporting of results, non-compliance procedures, and more. Includes an annex entitled "Legislation". (more) Publication Date: Friday, August 5, 2005	Dec 13, 2004
	Center for Veterinary Medicine/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration	Guidance for Industry: Fumonisin Levels in Human Foods and Animal Feeds Identifies recommended maximum fumonisin levels for human foods and animal feeds. Publication Date: Friday, November 9, 2001	May 29, 2002
	Buzby, Jean C. (Ed.)	International Trade and Food Safety: Economic Theory and Case Studies Report on the relationships between food safety regulation and international trade. Food safety and trade issues for meat and poultry products, produce, and seafood are discussed, as are these issues as related to hazards such as mycotoxins and dioxins. Attachments include "Belgian-Luxembourg exports, 1989-1999" and "Belgium-Luxembourg monthly production indices of key agricultrual products, 1998-99". Highlights of this report are provided in Agriculture Information Bulletin No. (AIB789), Food Safety and International Trade - Research Briefs, available from ERS. (more) Publication Month: November 2003	Nov 12, 2003
	FAO/IAEA Training and Reference Centre for Food and Pesticide Control	Manual on the Application of the HACCP System in Mycotoxin Prevention and Control This manual includes background information on mycotoxins and HACCP and provides examples of the application of HACCP for the control of mycotoxins. (more) Publication Year: 2001	May 3, 2005
	Liu, Xiumei	Microbiology Risk Assessment in China: Current Situation and Challenges This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It provides an overview of microbiological risk assessment in China. Data is given on the number of food poisoning outbreaks in China from 1990-1999 by cause, and on mortality rates from 1990-1996 from various foodborne bacteria. There is also a history of Bongkrekic acid (BA) food poisoning in Asia, data on BA food poisoning caused by various foods in China (outbreaks, cases, mortality), BA hazard identification, and risk management considerations. There is an exposure assessment of E. coli from fly feces, and the calculated efficacy of hypothetical risk mitigations strategies. There is hazard identification information for fumonisins, with specific risk assessment data on aflatoxins. Information is presented on sugarcane poisoning, including numbers of outbreaks, cases, and deaths, the implication of Arthrinium spp. as the pathogenic fungus, and risk management considerations. Data is also given on the regulated limits of mycotoxins in China, on ochratoxin A produced by Aspergillus, on mould contamination in various beverages including juices, and on mould contamination in liquid functional food. The pdf version of this presentation is available at here. (more) Publication Date: Thursday, July 25, 2002	Aug 19, 2002
	Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Agriculture, Biosecurity, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	Mycotoxins Information about FAO’s work on mycotoxins and links to related publications.	May 3, 2005
	National Food Centre, Teagasc	National Food Residue Database: NFRD Database of data on veterinary drugs, prohibited substances, pesticides, heavy metals, dioxins and PCBs, mycotoxins, and other contaminants from Irish monitoring and surveillance programs or studies and surveys. (more)	Jun 22, 2005
	National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health	NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Fumonisin B1(CAS No. 116355-83-0) In F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) Report of studies on the toxicology and carcinogenesis of Fumonisin B1. Publication Month: December 2001	Aug 14, 2002
	Scientific Panel on Contaminants on the Food Chain, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the CONTAM Panel Related to Ochratoxin A in Food Opinion adopted on April 4, 2006 resulting from a risk assessment of the mycotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) in food commodities such as cereals, pulses, coffee, beer, grape juice, wine, cacao products, nuts, and spices. Reports findings on the toxicity of OTA, including renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and carcinogenicity. (more) Deadline: Saturday, June 24, 2006	Jun 24, 2006
	Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare on a Request from the Commission Related to Animal Health and Welfare in Fattening Pigs in Relation to Housing and Husbandry Opinion adopted on Sep. 6, 2007 resulting from a qualitative risk assessment of factors effecting the welfare of fattening pigs, such as management, inspection and other disease prevention measures, handling, hygiene, floor type and the manure system. (more) Publication Date: Thursday, October 18, 2007	Oct 19, 2007
	Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a Request from the Commission Related to Aflatoxin B1 as Undesirable Substance in Animal Feed (EFSA-Q-2003-035) Opinion adopted on February 3, 2004 regarding aflatoxin B1 in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk. Includes discussion of analytical methods for aflatoxins in food and feed, current regulations for aflatoxins, occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk, carry over rates for aflatoxins from feeds into milk, and more. (more) Publication Date: Thursday, February 19, 2004	May 17, 2004
	Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a Request from the Commission Related to Deoxynivalenol (DON) as Undesirable Substance in Animal Feed. (Question No EFSA-Q-2003-036) Opinion adopted on June 2, 2004 regarding deoxynivalenol in animal feed, including discussion of carry-over and residues in animal products and human dietary exposure. (more) Publication Date: Thursday, June 17, 2004	Jun 21, 2004
	Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a Request from the Commission Related to Zearalenone as Undesirable Substance in Animal Feed. (Question No EFSA-Q-2003-037) Opinion adopted on July 28, 2004 regarding zearalenone in animal feed. Includes discussion of analytical methods, legislation, occurrence in feeds, toxicological properties, toxicokinetics, residues in foods, and human dietary exposure. (more) Publication Date: Monday, August 9, 2004	Aug 10, 2004
	Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration	Patulin in Apple Juice, Apple Juice Concentrates and Apple Juice Products Safety assessment and risk management considerations of patulin in apple juice products. Publication Month: September 2001	May 29, 2002
	Australia New Zealand Food Authority	Phomopsins in Food: A Toxicological Review and Risk Assessment Risk assessment for phomopsins from lupin seed and flour. Publication Month: November 2001	Jan 5, 2005
	Reducing Ochratoxin A in Coffee	Reducing Ochratoxin A in Coffee Project on reducing ochratoxin A formation in coffee. The website includes background information on mycotoxins and ochratoxin A, information on the project, information on the coffee production process and interventions along each step for reducing ochratoxin A, a training tool, a glossary, and more. (more)	Jun 10, 2005
	Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (36th : 2004 : Rotterdam, The Netherlands), Codex Alimentarius Commission	Report of the 36th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants The report includes the Committee's decisions and draft documents on topics related to risk analysis, exposure assessment of contaminants and toxins, risk management of aflatoxin in peanuts and tree nuts, of lead in foods, of inorganic tin in canned foods, maximum levels of cadmium in certain grains and vegetables and of deoxynivalenol, levels for radionuclides in foods, standards for food additives, contaminants, and toxins, active chlorine, mycotoxins, and more. (more) Publication Month: April 2004	Apr 30, 2004
	United Kingdom Food Standards Agency	Retail Oat Products Survey Report of a survey of trichothecene levels in retail oat products in the United Kingdom. Publication Date: Friday, February 6, 2004	Oct 19, 2004
	United Kingdom Food Standards Agency	Survey of Baby Foods for Mycotoxins Report of a survey of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin in foods for infants and young children in the United Kingdom. (more) Publication Date: Friday, November 26, 2004	Dec 1, 2004
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	Worldwide Regulations for Mycotoxins in Food and Feed in 2003 Report on mycotoxin regulations in countries worldwide as of 2003, including existence of regulations, mycotoxins and products for which regulations exist, maximum permissible levels, responsible authorities, and use of sampling and analysis methods. (more) Publication Year: 2004	Oct 21, 2004

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