General Biological Hazards Risk Assessment

Format	Author(s)	Title / Description	Date added	Details
	Buchanan, Robert; Miller, Arthur	1st International Conference on Microbial Risk Assessment This presentation served as the opening of the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a historical overview of quantitative microbiological risk assessment. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, July 24, 2002	Aug 16, 2002
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	The 34th plenary meeting of the BIOHAZ Panel Rotterdam: Agenda and minutes from this meeting. Topics discussed include protocol for TSE test evaluation, public health risks involved in the human consumption of reptile meat, and more. (more) Deadline: Friday, October 12, 2007 Event Dates: Thursday, September 6, 2007 - Friday, September 7, 2007	Oct 12, 2007
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization	Animal Feed Impact on Food Safety Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Animal Feed Impact on Food Safety which was held at FAO Headquarters in Rome from 8 to 12 October 2007. The meeting concluded that ensuring safe feed is an important component of efforts to reduce and prevent food safety hazards and indicated several potential measures to ensure safe feed. Agenda of the meeting, list of participants, experts' resumes and list of documents are included as appendices. The report is being translated in French and Spanish. Printed copies may be requested from: Daniela.Battaglia@fao.org. (more) Publication Year: 2008	Feb 26, 2008
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Biological Safety of a Process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Pigs - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Pigs. The application concerns the on-farm treatment of pig carcasses and other pig byproducts, through an enzymatic hydrolysis in mesophilic and partially anaerobic conditions within a closed vat for a period of minimum six months. (more) Publication Date: Tuesday, February 5, 2008	Feb 12, 2008
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Biological Safety of a Process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Rabbits - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Rabbits. The application concerns the on-farm treatment of rabbit carcasses and other rabbit byproducts, through an enzymatic hydrolysis in mesophilic and partially anaerobic conditions within a closed vat for a period of minimum six months. (more) Publication Date: Tuesday, February 5, 2008	Feb 12, 2008
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization	Call for Data – Enterobacter Sakazakii in Follow-up Formula Following a request from the 39th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, FAO and WHO will undertake work to look at risks associated with E. sakazakii in follow-up formula, particularly for infants less than 12 months of age. They request member countries, interested international organizations, industry, academia, non-governmental organizations and any other interested parties to carefully review the data needs and submit any available data to the FAO/WHO JEMRA secretariat. (more) Deadline: Monday, April 14, 2008 Publication Month: January 2008	Feb 29, 2008
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Call for Scientific Data on the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Food EFSA is seeking scientific data from Third Parties, which could be useful for the preparation of the Opinion on “Food borne antimicrobial resistance as a biological hazard”. (more) Deadline: Tuesday, May 27, 2008 Publication Date: Thursday, April 17, 2008	May 2, 2008
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Certain Aspects related to the Feeding of Animal Proteins to Farm Animals - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards Opinion adopted Oct 17, 2007 resulting from an evaluation of risk from using non-ruminant MBM in pig and poultry feed, once it is possible to distinguish protein origin up to different species and the introduction of certain tolerance levels with regard to small quantities of MBM in animal feed and the parameters which could be utilized to define these tolerance levels and quantities. (more) Publication Date: Thursday, November 15, 2007	Nov 16, 2007
	Buchanan, R.L.; Dennis, S.	Conduct of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessments by U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition: Lessons Learned This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)'s approach to microbial risk assessment, outlines CFSAN's measures to involve interested parties in the risk assessment process, and discusses lessons learned by CFSAN regarding "(1) commissioning a risk assessment, (2) interaction between risk managers and risk assessors during the conduct of a risk assessment, (3) acquiring input from interested parties, (4) peer review, and (5) reporting the results". (more)	Mar 1, 2004
	Powell, Mark; Schlosser, Wayne; Ebel, Eric	Considering the Complexity of Microbial Community Dynamics in Food Safety Risk Assessment This article explores the importance of interspecific competition in predictive microbiology and how microbial community dynamics could be incorporated into food safety risk assessment. (more) Publication Year: 2004	Jan 7, 2004
	Gardner, Ian	Current Microbiological Risk Assessment Practices: An Epidemiologic Critique This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It looks critically at current microbiological risk assessment practices, and discusses data deficiencies, tests and their validation, and correction of test-based prevalence estimates, and gives recommendations for improving the situation. The pdf version of this presentation is available here. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, July 24, 2002	Aug 16, 2002
	European Food Safety Authority	EFSA Workshops on Salmonella in Pigs: Call for Contributions Copenhagen, Denmark: The first workshopfrom 21st-22nd April 2008 will focus on the quality and relevance of methods in terms of applicability to the EFSA risk assessment objectives. The second workshop from the 23rd-24th April 2008 will discuss the quality and relevance of data in terms of its applicability to the EFSA risk assessment. The deadline of application for the workshop is 3rd March. (more) Deadline: Monday, March 10, 2008 Event Dates: Monday, April 21, 2008 - Thursday, April 24, 2008 Publication Date: Friday, February 15, 2008	Feb 17, 2008
	Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	Epi Info This site provides free access to Epi Info software. Epi Info and Epi Map are software packages designed for public health practitioners and researchers. They include capabilities in form and database construction, data entry, and analysis with epidemiologic statistics, maps, and graphs. (more)	Jul 19, 2002
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	FAO Regional Training Workshop in ASIA--Food Safety Risk Analysis: A Guide for National Food Safety Authorities within the Biosecurity Approach Report on a Workshop 'Food Safety Risk Analysis' organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 4-6 December 2007. Workshop agenda and completed working group templates are attached as annexes. (more) Publication Year: 2008	Feb 26, 2008
	Exponent, Inc.	FARE MicrobialTM Software program for conducting probabilistic microbial risk assessment. The program was developed by Exponent together with the Food and Drug Administration, and consists of a Contamination and Growth Module and an Exposure Module. Data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-96, 98 are included in the program. A users manual, containing both installation and use guidelines, is provided. (more) Publication Month: September 2002	Nov 4, 2002
	Kang, Seung-Ho; Kodell, Ralph L.; Chen, James J.	Incorporating Model Uncertainties Along With Data Uncertainties in Microbial Risk Assessment This paper discusses the importance of considering model uncertainty in risk assessment and proposes a method for incorporating model uncertainties into uncertainty estimates. Subscription is required to access the full text. (more) Publication Month: August 2000	Jun 13, 2003
	World Health Organization/Institute for Hygiene and Food Safety, Federal Dairy Research Center/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	Interaction between Assessors and Managers of Microbiological Hazards in Food - WHO Expert Consultation Report from this Consultation, which occured March 21-23, 2000, in Kiel, Germany. It discusses the interaction between risk assessors and risk managers in the risk analysis process. Sections include "Functional Separation of Risk Assessment and Risk Management," "Transparency," "Risk Evaluation," "Risk Management Option Assessment," "Implementation of Management Decision," "Monitoring and Review," and others. (more) Event Dates: Tuesday, March 21, 2000 - Thursday, March 23, 2000 Publication Year: 2000	May 15, 2002
	International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods	International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) Non-profit scientific advisory body on microbiological food safety. The commission addresses such topics as microbiological food safety in commerce, HACCP, food safety management systems that incorporate risk assessment, and more. The website includes information about their activities and publications, access to some publications, and more. (more)	Jun 2, 2004
	Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Agriculture, Biosecurity, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	JEMRA: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assessment This site provides information on FAO/WHO activities related to microbiological risk assessment. It includes risk assessment and risk management documents, guidelines for conducting microbial risk assessment, related links, and more. (more)	Jan 2, 2003
	Fazil, Aamir, et al.	Microbial Risk Assessment as a Foundation for Informed Decision-Making: A Needs, Gaps and Opportunities Assessment (NGOA) for Microbial Risk Assessment in Food and Water The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Water Network (CWN), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) funded a project to determine the needs, gaps and opportunities for microbial risk assessment (MRA) in food and water. The results of that project are presented in this report, identifying and recommending directions for the advancement of MRA from its current status as a recognized tool for decision-making but not yet exploited to its full potential, to a tool that is an integral part of the research and risk reduction strategies employed by decision makers. For information on data gaps in specific microbial risk assessments, see Risk Assessment Consortium, Data Gaps Working Group. 2004. Data gaps for selected microbial risk assessments available here. (more) Publication Year: 2005	Apr 5, 2005
	Paoli, Greg	Microbial Risk Assessment: Lessons Learned and Future Directions This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It presents a "risk assessment" of microbiological risk assessment. It includes an overview of the process of generating a risk assessment, identifies "hazards" associated with the risk assessment process, discusses solution sets and process characterization, offers a tiered approach to methodology development, and presents conclusions on the risk assessment process. This presentation is available in pdf format here. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, July 24, 2002	Aug 19, 2002
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization	Microbiological Hazards in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Report of the Expert Meeting FAO and WHO convened on 19–21 October 2007 to consider how to adequately address the extensive request for scientific advice received from the 38th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH) on the microbiological hazards associated with fresh produce. (more) Publication Year: 2008	Feb 22, 2008
	Schaffner, Don	Modeling Cross-Contamination in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It describes laboratory experiments for studying cross- contamination, data analysis methods, results, bibliography of their published work, a listing of other research projects on microbial behavior in the kitchen environment, and other recent publications. It also presents other considerations for quantitative microbiological risk assessment associated with cross-contamination, and discusses the future outcomes of these types of studies as a means to improve cross contamination modules used in risk assessments. The pdf version of this presentation is available here. (more) Publication Date: Friday, July 26, 2002	Aug 19, 2002
	van Gerwen, Suzanne, and Leon Gorris	MRA In Practice: Application of MRA in the Industry This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a discussion of the application of microbiological risk assessment (MRA) in industry, including the differences in purpose, scope, input, and output between governmental and industry use of MRA and the use of MRA and predictive modelling in industry. The pdf version of this presentation is available here. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, July 24, 2002	Aug 19, 2002
	New Zealand Food Safety Authority	Non Commercial Wild Food Review This page links to resources related to NZFSA's review of potential public health risks from non-commercial wild food. Deadline: Tuesday, August 16, 2005	Aug 16, 2005
	Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on the request from the Commission on Meat Inspection Procedures for Lambs and Goats. (Question No EFSA-Q-2003-027) Opinion adopted on April 22, 2004 that discusses alternatives to current post-mortem inspection procedures for lambs and goats. Includes discussion of the production systems for lambs and goats, associated diseases and zoonotic agents, current inspection procedures, risk to public health if certain inspection procedures are omitted, and more. (more) Publication Date: Monday, May 17, 2004	May 17, 2004
	Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms, European Food Safety Authority	Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on Applications (references EFSA-GMO-UK-2005-25 and EFSA-GMO-RX-T45) for the Placing on the Market of the Glufosinate-tolerant Genetically Modified Oilseed Rape T45, for Food and Feed Uses, Import and Processing and for Renewal of the Authorisation of Oilseed Rape T45 as Existing Product, both under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience Opinion adopted on January 30, 2008 regarding the genetically modified oilseed rape T45. On discussion of the risk assessment, including a food/feed safety assessment with respect to nutritional quality, potential toxicity and allergenicity, an assessment of environmental impacts and the post-market environmental monitoring plan. (more) Publication Date: Wednesday, March 5, 2008	Mar 7, 2008
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization/Institute for Hygiene and Food Safety of the Federal, Dairy Research Centre	Principles and Guidelines for Incorporating Microbiological Risk Assessment in the Development of Food Safety Standards, Guidelines and Related Texts - Joint FAO/WHO Consultation Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held March 18-22, 2002 in Kiel, Germany. It includes background information and objectives of the consultation. Topics discussed include the development of guidelines for the use of microbial risk assessment in the development of food safety standards, experience gained from previous microbial risk assessments, and the special case of developing countries. Annex II to this report provides a list of background papers. Annex III is entitled "Draft Guidelines for Incorporating Microbiological Risk Assessment in the Development of Food Safety Standards." It includes discussion of preliminary risk management activities, risk management options evaluation, implementation of the decided upon controls, and monitoring and review issues. Annex IV discusses the application of microbial risk assessment by industry. (more) Publication Year: 2002	Jan 15, 2003
	Codex Alimentarius Commission	Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment, CAC/GL-30 This document describes general principles of microbiological risk assessment. Includes guidelines on general considerations, statement of purpose, hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization, risk characterization, documentation, and reassessment. The document is available in English, French, or Spanish. (more) Publication Year: 1999	Aug 26, 2002
	United States of America, prepared for the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, Thirty-fifth Session	Proposed Draft Process by Which the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene Could Undertake Its Work in Microbiological Risk Assessment/Risk Management Discussion paper regarding a proposed process for microbiological risk assessment and risk management for the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene. There is an annex entitled "Suggested Elements to Include in a Microbiological Risk Management Discussion Paper/Risk Profile". (more) Publication Year: 2002	Apr 13, 2004
	Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority	Public Consultation on the Draft Opinion on “Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance as a Biological Hazard" Interested parties are invited to submit written comments by 27 May 2008. Deadline: Tuesday, May 27, 2008 Publication Date: Thursday, April 17, 2008	May 2, 2008
	Lammerding, Anna M., and Greg. M. Paoli	Quantitative Risk Assessment: An Emerging Tool for Emerging Foodborne Pathogens Report examines the use of quantitative risk assessment in environmental toxicology and the potential advantages of applying quantitative risk assessment to the field of microbial food and water safety. (more) Publication Month: October 1997	Jun 19, 2002
	ILSI Risk Science Institute, International Life Sciences Institute	Revised Framework for Microbial Risk Assessment Results of a workshop to review A Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Risks of Human Disease Following Exposure to Waterborne Pathogens, a framework developed by the ILSI Risk Science Institute and the Environmental Protection Agency. Analysis was performed to determine the applicability of the framework for alternative routes of exposure, including exposure by the consumption of food. The report presents the revisions resulting in a revised framework for microbial risk assessment. (more) Publication Year: 2000	Jun 19, 2002
	Office of Regulations and Policy, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration	Risk Assessment for Food Terrorism and Other Food Safety Concerns Qualitative assessment of the risks from a terrorist attack on the food supply and from inadvertent food contamination, based on unclassified information. (more) Publication Date: Tuesday, October 7, 2003	Aug 23, 2004
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization	Risk Assessment Model for Enterobacter Sakazakii in Powdered Infant Formula FAO and WHO have developed and made publicly available, a user-friendly web-based model to assess the risks associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula. (more) Publication Year: 2008	Mar 2, 2008
	Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization	Risk Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Food - Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation held in Geneva Switzerland, March 15-19, 1999. Publication Date: Friday, March 19, 1999	May 15, 2002
	Vose, David	Risk Assessment: Purpose and Application Presentation given for the Food Safety Commission in Tokyo, Japan that provides an introduction to risk assessment and risk management, discusses microbial risk assessment, presents problems with and remedies for current risk analysis practice, and more. (more) Publication Date: Tuesday, December 2, 2003	Jun 30, 2004
	Gale, Paul	Risk Assessment: Use of Composting and Biogas Treatment to Dispose of Catering Waste Containing Meat Assessment of risks to humans and livestock from pathogens in compost associated with uncooked meat in catering (including household) waste. Pathogens considered include BSE, scrapie, foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Trichinella spiralis, Clostridium botulinum, and plant pathogens. Includes an appendix entitled "Response to the Survey of Meat Preparation in Kitchens". (more) Publication Month: May 2002	Apr 28, 2004
	Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture	Risk Assessments The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service conducts food safety risk assessments related to chemical and microbiological hazards in meat, poultry, and egg products. These risk assessments are used to evaluate intervention strategies to reduce foodborne risks and to guide, support, and enhance the Agency's overall decision-making process, risk-management policies, outreach efforts, data collection initiatives, and research priorities. This page links to reports and models, as well as responses to peer review and public comments for FSIS risk assessments. Pathogen-commodity combinations addressed include BSE in cattle, E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products, Salmonella spp. in egg products, and Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs. (more) Deadline: Thursday, January 26, 2006	Jan 26, 2006
	Buchanan, Robert L.	The Role of Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment in Risk Management Options Assessment This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses the use of quantitative risk assessment in evaluating and comparing options for risk management. (more)	Mar 1, 2004
	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	Safety Concerns as a Result of Fish Consumption in the Tsunami Affected Regions Memo regarding the generally false rumors that fish in the areas hit by the recent tsunami are unsafe to eat. It is noted, however, that damage to water utilities could potentially cause contamination of fishing areas. A press release version of the memo, with additional links, can be found here. (more) Publication Date: Friday, January 14, 2005	Jan 18, 2005
	Buchanan, Robert	What We Heard and Next Steps This presentation was given as the closing plenary for the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes highlights from each session, and a summary of overall themes from the conference. (more) Publication Date: Friday, July 26, 2002	Aug 16, 2002

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