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General Biological Hazards Risk Assessment

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ID Author(s) Title / Description Publication Date
7824 The European Food Information Council Interview with Catherine Geslain-Lanéelle from the European Food Safety Authority
URL: http://www.eufic.org/page/en/fftid/EFSA/
Format: HTML
In this interview, Catherine Geslain-Lanéelle, the executive director of EFSA, talks about the agency's current projects and the state of food safety in Europe. Topics include GMO's, nutrition, hazards…
In this interview, Catherine Geslain-Lanéelle, the executive director of EFSA, talks about the agency's current projects and the state of food safety in Europe. Topics include GMO's, nutrition, hazards that affect plant and animal products, collaboration between risk assessors and risk managers, and risk communication. The podcast can be downloaded here.
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Source: The European Food Information Council, EuroScience Open Forum

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20080722Jul 22, 2008
7950 Sheen, S.; Hwang, C.A. Modeling Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes from Slicer to Deli Meat During Mechanical Slicing
URL: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/fpd.2007.0049
Format: PDF
In this study, transfer of L. monocytogenes from one contact surface to another for Ready-to-Eat deli meats with a delicatessen or restaurant type slicer was investigated. The objectives were…
In this study, transfer of L. monocytogenes from one contact surface to another for Ready-to-Eat deli meats with a delicatessen or restaurant type slicer was investigated. The objectives were to achieve the surface transfer model development and to predict the cross-contamination for the slicing operation. Two cross-contamination routes were studied for model development: (1) L. monocytogenes–contaminated blade to ham (Case I), and (2) L. monocytogenes–contaminated ham to blade and then to uncontaminated ham (Case II).
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Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease: Vol. 5 No. 2 pp. 135-146.

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20080400Apr 2008
7544 Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms, European Food Safety Authority Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on Applications (references EFSA-GMO-UK-2005-25 and EFSA-GMO-RX-T45) for the Placing on the Market of the Glufosinate-tolerant Genetically Modified Oilseed Rape T45, for Food and Feed Uses, Import and Processing and for Renewal of the Authorisation of Oilseed Rape T45 as Existing Product, both under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience
URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178690393760.htm
Format: HTML PDF
Opinion adopted on January 30, 2008 regarding the genetically modified oilseed rape T45. On discussion of the risk assessment, including a food/feed safety assessment with respect to nutritional quality,…
Opinion adopted on January 30, 2008 regarding the genetically modified oilseed rape T45. On discussion of the risk assessment, including a food/feed safety assessment with respect to nutritional quality, potential toxicity and allergenicity, an assessment of environmental impacts and the post-market environmental monitoring plan.
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 635, 2008, p. 1-22./Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms, European Food Safety Authority

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20080305Mar 5, 2008
7493 Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority Biological Safety of a Process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Pigs - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards
URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178684681559.htm
Format: HTML PDF
Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Pigs. The application concerns the on-farm…
Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Pigs. The application concerns the on-farm treatment of pig carcasses and other pig byproducts, through an enzymatic hydrolysis in mesophilic and partially anaerobic conditions within a closed vat for a period of minimum six months.
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 623, 2008, P. 1-15./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority

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20080205Feb 5, 2008
7492 Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority Biological Safety of a Process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Rabbits - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards
URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178684681694.htm
Format: HTML PDF
Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Rabbits. The application concerns the on-farm…
Opinion adopted Jan 23, 2008 resulting from an evaluation of the biological safety of a specific process for the Hydrolysis on-Farm of Dead Rabbits. The application concerns the on-farm treatment of rabbit carcasses and other rabbit byproducts, through an enzymatic hydrolysis in mesophilic and partially anaerobic conditions within a closed vat for a period of minimum six months.
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 624, 2008, P. 1-15./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority

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20080205Feb 5, 2008
7951 Latimer, H.J., et al Evaluating the Effectiveness of Pasteurization for Reducing Human Illnesses from Salmonella spp. in Egg Products: Results of a Quantitative Risk Assessment
URL: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/fpd.2007.0041
Format: PDF
The purpose of the report presented here is to provide an overview and summary of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) risk assessment for Salmonella in egg products.…
The purpose of the report presented here is to provide an overview and summary of the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) risk assessment for Salmonella in egg products. As part of the process for developing risk-based performance standards for egg product processing, FSIS undertook a quantitative microbial risk assessment for Salmonella spp. in pasteurized egg products. The assessment was designed to assist risk managers in evaluating egg handling and pasteurization performance standards for reducing the likelihood of Salmonella in pasteurized egg products and the subsequent risk to human health.
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Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease: Vol. 5 No. 1 pp. 59-68.

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20080200Feb 2008
7518 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Animal Feed Impact on Food Safety
URL: http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/resources/en/publications/agapubs/A1507E_Animal-Feed.pdf
Format: PDF
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Animal Feed Impact on Food Safety which was held at FAO Headquarters in Rome from 8 to 12 October 2007. The…
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Animal Feed Impact on Food Safety which was held at FAO Headquarters in Rome from 8 to 12 October 2007. The meeting concluded that ensuring safe feed is an important component of efforts to reduce and prevent food safety hazards and indicated several potential measures to ensure safe feed. Agenda of the meeting, list of participants, experts' resumes and list of documents are included as appendices. The report is being translated in French and Spanish. Printed copies may be requested from: Daniela.Battaglia@fao.org.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200800002008
7519 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) FAO Regional Training Workshop in ASIA--Food Safety Risk Analysis: A Guide for National Food Safety Authorities within the Biosecurity Approach
URL: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/files/Malaysia2007/Malaysia_Report_Malaysia_Final.pdf
Format: PDF
Report on a Workshop 'Food Safety Risk Analysis' organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 4-6 December 2007. Workshop…
Report on a Workshop 'Food Safety Risk Analysis' organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 4-6 December 2007. Workshop agenda and completed working group templates are attached as annexes.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200800002008
7514 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Microbiological Hazards in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
URL: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/files/FFV_2007_Final.pdf
Format: PDF
Report of the Expert Meeting FAO and WHO convened on 19–21 October 2007 to consider how to adequately address the extensive request for scientific advice received from the 38th…
Report of the Expert Meeting FAO and WHO convened on 19–21 October 2007 to consider how to adequately address the extensive request for scientific advice received from the 38th Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH) on the microbiological hazards associated with fresh produce.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200800002008
7527 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Assessment for Cronobacter sakazakii in Powdered Infant Formula
URL: http://www.mramodels.org/ESAK/Home.aspx
Format: HTML
FAO and WHO have developed and made publicly available, a user-friendly web-based model to assess the risks associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization

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200800002008
7945 Grohn, Y.; Hertl, J.; Ivanek, R.; Abou-Zeid, K.; Wiedmann, M. How University Researchers Can Contribute to Farm-to-Table Risk Assessments: Listeria monocytogenes as an Example
URL: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/fpd.2007.0012
Format: PDF
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how university researchers can contribute to food safety risk assessments including through (1) risk assessment (including farm-to-table) development and refinement, (2)…
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how university researchers can contribute to food safety risk assessments including through (1) risk assessment (including farm-to-table) development and refinement, (2) data collection to fill knowledge gaps that prevent development of risk assessments, and (3) development of new methodological techniques. This paper will specifically use the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes as a model to describe the role of university researchers in food safety risk assessments at the preharvest, food processing, and retail and consumer levels.
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Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease: Vol. 4 No. 4 pp. 527-537.

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20071201Dec 1, 2007
7385 Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority Certain Aspects related to the Feeding of Animal Proteins to Farm Animals - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards
URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178659674335.htm
Format: HTML
Opinion adopted Oct 17, 2007 resulting from an evaluation of risk from using non-ruminant MBM in pig and poultry feed, once it is possible to distinguish protein origin up…
Opinion adopted Oct 17, 2007 resulting from an evaluation of risk from using non-ruminant MBM in pig and poultry feed, once it is possible to distinguish protein origin up to different species and the introduction of certain tolerance levels with regard to small quantities of MBM in animal feed and the parameters which could be utilized to define these tolerance levels and quantities.
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 576, 2007, P. 1-41./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority

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20071115Nov 15, 2007
7946 French Food Safety Agency Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in frozen beef burgers consumed at home in France by children under the age of 16
URL: http://www.afssa.fr/Documents/MIC-Sy-EcoliEnfantsEN.pdf
Format: PDF
A quantitative risk assessment was conducted in 2007 for the consumption of beef burgers containing Shiga toxin-producing Eschericha coli by children under the age of 16 in France. Bibliographical…
A quantitative risk assessment was conducted in 2007 for the consumption of beef burgers containing Shiga toxin-producing Eschericha coli by children under the age of 16 in France. Bibliographical data and missing consumption data was obtained to perform the risk assessment, and a mathematical model was developed for an approximate calculation of the average probability of developing a haemolytic uraemic syndrome depending on the pathogen concentration in frozen meet, following the consumption at home of a beef burger bought frozen from the French food industry. This is a summary of the completed risk assessment, which can be found at the French Food Safety Agency website. The original risk assessment is in French.
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Source: French Food Safety Agency

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20071000Oct 2007
7907 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Microbial Risk Assessment Thesaurus
URL: http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/humanhealth/microbial/thesaurus/
Format: HTML PDF
Federal and international agencies, private sector organizations, and academics use terms and definitions differently in their microbial risk assessments. This Thesaurus is a compendium of risk assessment terms found…
Federal and international agencies, private sector organizations, and academics use terms and definitions differently in their microbial risk assessments. This Thesaurus is a compendium of risk assessment terms found in frameworks, methodologies, and assessments. It provides insight into how various entities use specific microbial risk assessment terms in their activities and helps those responsible for such assessments both conduct and communicate about them more effectively. This Thesaurus was developed by the USEPA, Office of Water
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Source: Environmental Protection Agency

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20070900Sep 2007
7944 Schroeder, C.M.; Latimer, H.J.; Schlosser, W.D.; Golden, N.J.; Marks, H.M.; Coleman, M.E.; Hogue, A.T.; Ebel, E.D.; Quiring, N.M.; Kadry, A.M.; Kause, J. Overview and Summary of the Food Safety and Inspection Service Risk Assessment for Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs, October 2005
URL: http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/fpd.2006.3.403?cookieSet=1
Format: PDF
This report provides an overview and summarizes findings of the Food Safety and Inspection Service risk assessment for S. Enteritidis in shell eggs. Specifically, this report examines the impact…
This report provides an overview and summarizes findings of the Food Safety and Inspection Service risk assessment for S. Enteritidis in shell eggs. Specifically, this report examines the impact of pasteurization and rapid cooling of shell eggs after lay on illnesses from S. Enteritidis in the United States consumer population.
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Source: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease: Vol. 3 No. 4 pp. 403-412.

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20061201Dec 1, 2006
7871 Hamilton, A.J.; Stagnitti, F.; Premier, R.; Boland, A.M.; Hale, G. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Models for Consumption of Raw Vegetables Irrigated with Reclaimed Water
URL: http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/72/5/3284.pdf
Format: PDF
This report describes a risk assessment performed on the consumption of raw vegetables that have been irrigated with secondary treated reclaimed water. The model assumes worst-case scenarios, as in…
This report describes a risk assessment performed on the consumption of raw vegetables that have been irrigated with secondary treated reclaimed water. The model assumes worst-case scenarios, as in overhead irrigation and consumption of raw vegetables, but suggests that supplementary food safety practices would dramatically reduce the risks for disease.
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Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology: Vol. 72 pp. 3284-3290.

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200600002006
5537 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Safety Concerns as a Result of Fish Consumption in the Tsunami Affected Regions
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/DOCUMENT/tsunamis_05/issues/safety_concerns.pdf
Format: PDF
Memo regarding the generally false rumors that fish in the areas hit by the recent tsunami are unsafe to eat. It is noted, however, that damage to water utilities…
Memo regarding the generally false rumors that fish in the areas hit by the recent tsunami are unsafe to eat. It is noted, however, that damage to water utilities could potentially cause contamination of fishing areas. A press release version of the memo, with additional links, can be found here
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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20050114Jan 14, 2005
5780 Fazil, A., et al. Microbial Risk Assessment as a Foundation for Informed Decision-Making: A Needs, Gaps and Opportunities Assessment (NGOA) for Microbial Risk Assessment in Food and Water
URL: http://foodrisk.org/downloads/NGOAfinalreport.pdf
Format: PDF
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Water Network (CWN), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) funded a project to determine the needs, gaps…
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Water Network (CWN), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) funded a project to determine the needs, gaps and opportunities for microbial risk assessment (MRA) in food and water. The results of that project are presented in this report, identifying and recommending directions for the advancement of MRA from its current status as a recognized tool for decision-making but not yet exploited to its full potential, to a tool that is an integral part of the research and risk reduction strategies employed by decision makers. For information on data gaps in specific microbial risk assessments, see Risk Assessment Consortium, Data Gaps Working Group. 2004. Data gaps for selected microbial risk assessments available here
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Source: Microbial Risk Assessment Unit - Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada

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200500002005
4220 Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on the request from the Commission on Meat Inspection Procedures for Lambs and Goats. (Question No EFSA-Q-2003-027)
URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/54.htm
Format: HTML
Opinion adopted on April 22, 2004 that discusses alternatives to current post-mortem inspection procedures for lambs and goats. Includes discussion of the production systems for lambs and goats, associated…
Opinion adopted on April 22, 2004 that discusses alternatives to current post-mortem inspection procedures for lambs and goats. Includes discussion of the production systems for lambs and goats, associated diseases and zoonotic agents, current inspection procedures, risk to public health if certain inspection procedures are omitted, and more
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Source: European Food Safety Authority Journal, Vol. 54, 2004, p. 1-46./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority

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20040517May 17, 2004
3476 Powell, M.; Schlosser, W.; Ebel, E. Considering the Complexity of Microbial Community Dynamics in Food Safety Risk Assessment
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T7K-4B89T0T-4-B&_cdi=5061&_orig=browse&_coverDate=01/15/2004&_sk=999099997&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkWb&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_userid=1355690&md5=adc9641dd6456d792009974a8dc30b05&ie=f.pdf%20
Format: PDF
This article explores the importance of interspecific competition in predictive microbiology and how microbial community dynamics could be incorporated into food safety risk assessment
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Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 90, 2004, p. 171-179./ScienceDirect

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200400002004
4386 Vose, D. Risk Assessment: Purpose and Application
URL: http://www.risk-modelling.com/presentations.htm
Format: HTML MS PowerPoint
Presentation given for the Food Safety Commission in Tokyo, Japan that provides an introduction to risk assessment and risk management, discusses microbial risk assessment, presents problems with and remedies…
Presentation given for the Food Safety Commission in Tokyo, Japan that provides an introduction to risk assessment and risk management, discusses microbial risk assessment, presents problems with and remedies for current risk analysis practice, and more
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Source: Vose Consulting

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20031202Dec 2, 2003
1811 Exponent, Inc. FARE MicrobialTM
URL: http://foodrisk.org/exclusives/FARE_Microbial/
Format: Zip File Windows Software
Software program for conducting probabilistic microbial risk assessment. The program was developed by Exponent together with the Food and Drug Administration, and consists of a Contamination and Growth Module…

Software program for conducting probabilistic microbial risk assessment. The program was developed by Exponent together with the Food and Drug Administration, and consists of a Contamination and Growth Module and an Exposure Module. Data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-96, 98 are included in the program. A users manual, containing both installation and use guidelines, is provided

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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020900Sep 2002
1508 Schaffner, D. Modeling Cross-Contamination in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Schaffner.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It describes laboratory experiments for studying…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It describes laboratory experiments for studying cross- contamination, data analysis methods, results, bibliography of their published work, a listing of other research projects on microbial behavior in the kitchen environment, and other recent publications. It also presents other considerations for quantitative microbiological risk assessment associated with cross-contamination, and discusses the future outcomes of these types of studies as a means to improve cross contamination modules used in risk assessments. The pdf version of this presentation is available here.
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020726Jul 26, 2002
1488 Buchanan, R. What We Heard and Next Steps
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Buchanan_Closing_Remarks.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given as the closing plenary for the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes…
This presentation was given as the closing plenary for the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes highlights from each session, and a summary of overall themes from the conference
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020726Jul 26, 2002
1489 Buchanan, R.; Miller, A. 1st International Conference on Microbial Risk Assessment
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Buchanan_Opening_Remarks.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation served as the opening of the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a historical…
This presentation served as the opening of the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a historical overview of quantitative microbiological risk assessment
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020724Jul 24, 2002
1493 Gardner, I. Current Microbiological Risk Assessment Practices: An Epidemiologic Critique
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Gardner.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It looks critically at current microbiological…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It looks critically at current microbiological risk assessment practices, and discusses data deficiencies, tests and their validation, and correction of test-based prevalence estimates, and gives recommendations for improving the situation. The pdf version of this presentation is available here
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020724Jul 24, 2002
1506 Paoli, G. Microbial Risk Assessment: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Paoli.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It presents a "risk assessment" of…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It presents a "risk assessment" of microbiological risk assessment. It includes an overview of the process of generating a risk assessment, identifies "hazards" associated with the risk assessment process, discusses solution sets and process characterization, offers a tiered approach to methodology development, and presents conclusions on the risk assessment process. This presentation is available in pdf format here
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020724Jul 24, 2002
1509 van Gerwen, S.; Goriss, L. MRA In Practice: Application of MRA in the Industry
URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/vanGerwen.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a discussion of the…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It includes a discussion of the application of microbiological risk assessment (MRA) in industry, including the differences in purpose, scope, input, and output between governmental and industry use of MRA and the use of MRA and predictive modelling in industry. The pdf version of this presentation is available here
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020724Jul 24, 2002
4123 Gale, P. Risk Assessment: Use of Composting and Biogas Treatment to Dispose of Catering Waste Containing Meat
URL: http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/byproducts/documents/report5.pdf
Format: PDF
Assessment of risks to humans and livestock from pathogens in compost associated with uncooked meat in catering (including household) waste. Pathogens considered include BSE, scrapie, foot and mouth disease…
Assessment of risks to humans and livestock from pathogens in compost associated with uncooked meat in catering (including household) waste. Pathogens considered include BSE, scrapie, foot and mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease, African swine fever, Newcastle disease, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma gondii, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Trichinella spiralis, Clostridium botulinum, and plant pathogens. Includes an appendix entitled "Response to the Survey of Meat Preparation in Kitchens"
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Source: United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

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20020500May 2002
2095 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO)/Institute for Hygiene and Food Safety of the Federal, Dairy Research Centre Principles and Guidelines for Incorporating Microbiological Risk Assessment in the Development of Food Safety Standards, Guidelines and Related Texts - Joint FAO/WHO Consultation
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/march2002/en/
Format: PDF
Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held March 18-22, 2002 in Kiel, Germany. It includes background information and objectives of the consultation. Topics discussed include the development of guidelines…
Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held March 18-22, 2002 in Kiel, Germany. It includes background information and objectives of the consultation. Topics discussed include the development of guidelines for the use of microbial risk assessment in the development of food safety standards, experience gained from previous microbial risk assessments, and the special case of developing countries. Annex II to this report provides a list of background papers. Annex III is entitled "Draft Guidelines for Incorporating Microbiological Risk Assessment in the Development of Food Safety Standards." It includes discussion of preliminary risk management activities, risk management options evaluation, implementation of the decided upon controls, and monitoring and review issues. Annex IV discusses the application of microbial risk assessment by industry
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Source: Food Safety Department, World Health Organization

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200200002002
4072 United States of America, prepared for the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene, Thirty-fifth Session Proposed Draft Process by Which the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene Could Undertake Its Work in Microbiological Risk Assessment/Risk Management
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfh35/fh03_06e.pdf
Format: PDF
Discussion paper regarding a proposed process for microbiological risk assessment and risk management for the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene. There is an annex entitled Suggested Elements to Include…
Discussion paper regarding a proposed process for microbiological risk assessment and risk management for the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene. There is an annex entitled "Suggested Elements to Include in a Microbiological Risk Management Discussion Paper/Risk Profile"
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200200002002
2639 Kang, S.; Kodell, R.L.; Chen, J.J. Incorporating Model Uncertainties Along With Data Uncertainties in Microbial Risk Assessment
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.2000.1404
Format: HTML PDF
This paper discusses the importance of considering model uncertainty in risk assessment and proposes a method for incorporating model uncertainties into uncertainty estimates. Subscription is required to access the…
This paper discusses the importance of considering model uncertainty in risk assessment and proposes a method for incorporating model uncertainties into uncertainty estimates. Subscription is required to access the full text
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Source: Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Vol. 32, Issue 1, Aug. 2000, p. 68-72/ScienceDirect

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20000800Aug 2000
404 Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Assessment of Microbiological Hazards in Food - Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/march1999/en/
Format: PDF
Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation held in Geneva Switzerland, March 15-19, 1999
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Source: Food Safety Department, World Health Organization

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19990319Mar 19, 1999
1596 Codex Alimentarius Commission Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment, CAC/GL-30
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/cac1999/en/
Format: PDF
This document describes general principles of microbiological risk assessment. Includes guidelines on general considerations, statement of purpose, hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization, risk characterization, documentation, and reassessment. The…
This document describes general principles of microbiological risk assessment. Includes guidelines on general considerations, statement of purpose, hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization, risk characterization, documentation, and reassessment. The document is available in English, French, or Spanish
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Source: Food Safety Department, World Health Organization

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199900001999
711 Lammerding, A.M., and Greg M.P. Quantitative Risk Assessment: An Emerging Tool for Emerging Foodborne Pathogens
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no4/lammer.htm
Format: HTML
Report examines the use of quantitative risk assessment in environmental toxicology and the potential advantages of applying quantitative risk assessment to the field of microbial food and water safety
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Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 3, No. 4, Oct.-Dec. 1997, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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19971000Oct 1997
3886 Buchanan, R.L.; Dennis, S. Conduct of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessments by U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition: Lessons Learned
URL: http://foodrisk.org/exclusives/cqmra.pdf
Format: PDF
This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied…
This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)'s approach to microbial risk assessment, outlines CFSAN's measures to involve interested parties in the risk assessment process, and discusses lessons learned by CFSAN regarding "(1) commissioning a risk assessment, (2) interaction between risk managers and risk assessors during the conduct of a risk assessment, (3) acquiring input from interested parties, (4) peer review, and (5) reporting the results"
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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994 Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Epi Info
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/index.htm
Format: HTML
This site provides free access to Epi Info software. Epi Info and Epi Map are software packages designed for public health practitioners and researchers. They include capabilities in form…
This site provides free access to Epi Info software. Epi Info and Epi Map are software packages designed for public health practitioners and researchers. They include capabilities in form and database construction, data entry, and analysis with epidemiologic statistics, maps, and graphs.
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Source: Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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4232 International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF)
URL: http://www.icmsf.iit.edu
Format: HTML
Non-profit scientific advisory body on microbiological food safety. The commission addresses such topics as microbiological food safety in commerce, HACCP, food safety management systems that incorporate risk assessment, and…
Non-profit scientific advisory body on microbiological food safety. The commission addresses such topics as microbiological food safety in commerce, HACCP, food safety management systems that incorporate risk assessment, and more. The website includes information about their activities and publications, access to some publications, and more
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Source: International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods

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2019 Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Agriculture, Biosecurity, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) JEMRA: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assessment
URL: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/jemra_index_en.asp
Format: HTML
This site provides information on FAO/WHO activities related to microbiological risk assessment. It includes risk assessment and risk management documents, guidelines for conducting microbial risk assessment, related links, and more
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Source: Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, Agriculture, Biosecurity, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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6256 New Zealand Food Safety Authority Non Commercial Wild Food Review
URL: http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/wild-foods-review/index.htm
Format: HTML
This page links to resources related to NZFSA's review of potential public health risks from non-commercial wild food
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Source: New Zealand Food Safety Authority

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6772 Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Risk Assessments
URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Science/Risk_Assessments/index.asp
Format: HTML
The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service conducts food safety risk assessments related to chemical and microbiological hazards in meat, poultry, and egg products. These risk assessments are used…
The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service conducts food safety risk assessments related to chemical and microbiological hazards in meat, poultry, and egg products. These risk assessments are used to evaluate intervention strategies to reduce foodborne risks and to guide, support, and enhance the Agency's overall decision-making process, risk-management policies, outreach efforts, data collection initiatives, and research priorities. This page links to reports and models, as well as responses to peer review and public comments for FSIS risk assessments. Pathogen-commodity combinations addressed include BSE in cattle, E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products, Salmonella spp. in egg products, and Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs
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Source: Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

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3885 Buchanan, R.L. The Role of Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment in Risk Management Options Assessment
URL: http://foodrisk.org/exclusives/qmra.pdf
Format: PDF
This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses the use of quantitative risk assessment in…
This document served as a background paper for the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation held in Kiel, Germany on March 18-22, 2002. It discusses the use of quantitative risk assessment in evaluating and comparing options for risk management
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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